major laws passed in the 1980s

Limited tax deductions and exclusions for employee stock ownership plans. Focus, in particular, on economic policy (so-called "Reaganomics") and U.S . Germain Depository Institutions Act, Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983, Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983, Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization Act of 1984, Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act, National Archives and Records Administration, Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act of 1984, Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act, United StatesIsrael Free Trade Area Implementation Act of 1985, Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, GrammRudmanHollings Balanced Budget Act, Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1986, Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act, Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987, Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, Commodity Distribution Reform Act and WIC Amendments of 1987, Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988, Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act, United StatesCanada Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act of 1988, Health Maintenance Organization Amendments of 1988, Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988, Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act, Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990, Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act, Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, Food and Drug Administration Revitalization Act, Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 1991, High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992, President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992, Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994, North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994, Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994, Dietary Supplement Health And Education Act of 1994, Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994, List of acts of the 104th United States Congress, National Highway System Designation Act of 1995, Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996, Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act, Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996, List of acts of the 105th United States Congress, Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998, Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act, List of acts of the 106th United States Congress, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century, Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, United StatesChina Relations Act of 2000, Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000, Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001, Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_federal_legislation,_19012001&oldid=1114073468, January 12, 1983: Internal Revenue Code of 1954 and Social Security Act, amendments, This page was last edited on 4 October 2022, at 17:24. In your answer, be sure to explain how these actions amount to a coherent political program. June 5 Organized crime controls the entire toxic waste disposal industry and is responsible for a large amount of illegal dumping, according to a report by theNew York State Senate Crime Committee. World Commission on Environment and Development, Michael Brown, Laying Waste: The Poisoning of America by Toxic Chemicals. Global 2000 Report calls for international cooperation in solving environmental problems. Other Korean animal advocacy groups started at about the same time, and more have since debuted. After these measures, the combined federal income taxes on earned income paid by the top 1 percent of the U.S. population dropped from 50 percent in 1981 to 37.5 percent in 1983. Reagan committed U.S. troops to assist peacekeeping efforts in Lebanon, ordered the bombing of Libya in retaliation for its support of terrorist activities, and launched an invasion of Grenada to oust a government friendly to Fidel Castro's communist government in Cuba. Lin designed a V-shaped black granite wall, each side stretching more than two hundred feet, with a gently sloping plot of ground in between, giving visitors the sensation of walking down into the earth. (Nov. 13, p.A3). March 3 Euopean nations begin ban on ozone depleting chemicals. 823 February 14, 1903: Department of Commerce and Labor Act, Sess. The site continues to be contaminated, Dow Chemical continues to fight efforts to make it fund remediation, and former Dow / Carbide officials are wanted on criminal charges in India. When Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the Soviet Communist Party in the mid-1980s, he introduced economic and social reforms that radically transformed the lives of the Soviet people and had a profound effect on nations around the world. SDI had two essential components: surveillance of Soviet activities so that a launch could be detected at the earliest possible moment and the necessary weaponry to disable Soviet nuclear warheads before they reached the United States. (b. Amherst, Massachusetts, 16 January 1907; d. Washington, D.C., 19 October 2004), investment banker, foreign policy official, arm, Dwight D. Eisenhower Increased employment taxes. Less than five weeks later, a Lebanese newspaper revealed that Robert McFarlane, Reagan's special assistant for national security, had engaged in secret arms-for-hostages deals with the Iranian government of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (19001989). Like Vincente Caas (murdered in 1987) and Wilson Pinheiro (murdered in 1980), Mendes stood in the way of Amazon developers. July 4 A total of 1,350 cases of poisoning from aldicarb pesticide seeping into watermelons reported in California, in addition to another 692 cases in eight other states and Canada, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control report on the incident. Gorbachev was born on March 2, 1931, to peasant farmers in the tiny farm village of Privolnoe near the Caucasus Mountains in the southwestern region of the Soviet Union. Elizabeth Skinner The United Nations commission defined sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The Commission worked forthree years, conducting public meetingsthroughout the world to get a broad perspective of environment and development issues. After a four-day investigation, the local prosecutor filed charges against six Metro police officers on charges ranging from participating in a cover-up to second-degree murder. . (The withdrawal was completed one year later.) Restricted single premium life insurance, Alaskan Native Corporations, and completed contract accounting rules; and accelerated corporate estimated tax payments. Increased substantial underpayment penalty and penalty for failure to comply with deposit requirements. In March 1983, he proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI or "Star Wars"), which was intended to protect the United States against a Soviet strategic-missile attack. ensure that enough Soviet MIRVs would be stopped so that the United States could effectively strike back. Because SDI was to use lasers, subatomic particle beams, "bullets" launched from electromagnetic rail guns, and other space-age technologies, it was dubbed "Star Wars," after the popular 1977 science-fiction film. Sandoz was held liable. During his first term, Reagan vigorously pursued an anticommunist foreign-policy agenda. But an assessment of his presidency yields mixed results. Enacted excise tax of 8.2 cents per barrel on domestic crude oil and 11.7 cents per barrel on imported petroleum products. Accelerated state and local government deposits of Social Security payroll taxes. 1986 Nov. 9 Sea Shepherd Conservation Society sinks two whaling vessels in Reykjavik harbor, Iceland. Finally, in a summit in Washington, D.C., on December 8, 1987, Reagan and Gorbachev signed the Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. (See Remembering murdered environmentalists at this site). U*X*L American Decades. criticizing Chinas Three Gorges dam project. Fish and Wildlife Service. McFarlane pleaded guilty to withholding information and to lying before Congress, but he received a short sentence. November 20 Jefferson Island salt mine in New Iberia, Louisiana collapses after a Texaco oil-drilling rig on nearby Lake Peigneur accidentally penetrates an abandoned salt-mining cavern. Repealed completed contract method of accounting. Under COBRA, employees could elect to continue healthcare coverage if they would otherwise lose it due . After hearing conflicting versions of who had done what from officers, some of whom received immunity from prosecution in exchange for their testimony, the jury acquitted the four men. Most equipment written off over 5 years, structures over 15 years. In 2005, a UN group led by the International Atomic Energy Agency said that there were substantially increased incidences of thyroid cancer among children, but less than 50 people died as a result of the disaster. It would hurt navigation. National Security Act of 1980 mandates all gasoline be blended with a minimum of 10 percent grain alcoholgasohol. Subsequently scuttled by Reagan Administration. The resulting criminal prosecution of several administration officials and questions about his management style led to negative political fallout for Reagan. It also did not matter to the Reagan administration if the U.S. Congress had outlawed such activities. After Reagan was elected U.S. president in 1980, Mrs. Reagan began to consult Joan Quigley, a San Francisco astrologer whom she had met almost a decade before. TWENTY years after John F. Kennedy was assassinated, a public opinion poll indicated that he was rated best overall of, Kennan, George F. Walsh charged fourteen individuals with criminal violations. In many instances, the acts were designated by this office as major education public acts in our annual major public acts report. On November 13, 1982, 150,000 Vietnam veterans and their families gathered in Washington, D.C., for the dedication of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. March 21 Inspired by author Edward Abbey and his book The Monkey Wrench Gang,activists unfurl a large roll of black plastic down the face of the Glen Canyon Dam, depicting a symbolic crack in the dam.The controversial dam had changed the ecosystem of a large stretch of the Colorado River.The event spawns the group Earth First! In 1949, the Soviet Union built its own atomic bomb, and the arms race was on. John Major. It would displace over a million people. The decision highlighted the confluence between cultural rights and environmental rights, which often arises in cases involving indigenous communities threatened by economic interests, according to the UNEP. . U*X*L American Decades. (M. Clifton, 2007). North Sea North Seas biggest disasters July 1988 in the Piper Alpha disaster, the worlds worst ever offshore catastrophe, following a massive gas leak and inferno on the Occidental-operated platform. The tax cuts were combined with modest cuts in spending on social programs and a massive increase in military spending. The highly polished, mirrorlike surface was carved with the names of the more than fifty-eight thousand Americans killed or missing in the conflict in Southeast Asia. Taxed railroad retirement pension plan benefits. Congress passes Coastal Barriers Resources Act and Nuclear Waste Policy Act. Sharon Matola founds Belize Zoo and Tropical Education Center. Strengthened individual minimum tax; repealed future acceleration of depreciation allowances; repealed safe-harbor leasing; and tightened completed contract method of accounting rules. Worldwatch Institute begins annual State of the World publications. The act requires manufacturers to report releases and transfers of 330 toxic chemicals to EPA for entry into public database. (M. Clifton, 2007), Lois Gibbs forms the Citizens Clearinghouse for Hazardous Waste now named the Center for Health, Environment and Justice. When Ronald Reagan (1911) ran for president in 1980, he wanted to change the nation's economic path. The tribal people here say they wont move to Gujarat because they would be considered inferior, their language is different, and their daughters couldnt be married, says Medha Patkar of Save the Narmada told the Christian Science Monitor. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Indeed, one of the favored targets for Reagan's wrath was deficit spending. He increased military spending by over $1 trillion, the largest peacetime buildup of the U.S. military in years. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Carl M. Brauer Much of the work of the last 10 years has been destroyed, the New York Times quoted Prof. Ragnar Kinzelback, head of a scientific team based at the Dept. 1987 US General Accounting Office study shows a strong correlation between the location of toxic waste dump sites and the location of minority communities. Increased fees and excise taxes on air travel, ozone-depleting chemicals, and oil spill liability. National Organ Transplantation Act was signed into law. 1986 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act passes in the wake of Bhopal and other chemical disasters despite opposition from chemical companies and the EPA. Dec. 3 Bhopal disaster. Lavelle was in charge of administering EPAs Superfund toxic waste cleanup program, and admitted to a whistleblowers charges that she mishandled federal funds. 1. The dam did not generate electric power but was rather a recreation project that cost far more than its benefits. was seen as evidence of the Peking Thaw in China that was equivalent to the Russian and Eastern European political liberalization occurring simultaneously. At first, the Reagan administration tried to avoid sponsoring an independent investigation, but soon realized this might appear an obstruction of justice. Dwight D. Eisenhower Taub was convicted on six of 17 counts, but the convictions were reversed on jurisdictional grounds. ." On November 13, he admitted the sales, but denied they were for hostages. On 6 August 1945 a single atomic bomb (A-bomb) dropped from an American B-29 bomber, named Enola Gay after the, The 1980s Government, Politics, and Law: Headline Makers, The 1980s Government, Politics, and Law: For More Information, The 1980s Government, Politics, and Law: Chronology, The 1980s Education: For More Information, The 1980s Business and the Economy: Topics in the News, The 1980s Business and the Economy: Overview, The 1980s Business and the Economy: Headline Makers, The 1980s Business and the Economy: For More Information, The 1980s Business and the Economy: Chronology, The 1980s Arts and Entertainment: Topics in the News, The 1980s Arts and Entertainment: Overview, The 1980s Arts and Entertainment: Headline Makers, The 1980s Arts and Entertainment: For More Information, The 1980s Arts and Entertainment: Chronology, The 1980s Government, Politics, and Law: Topics in the News, The 1980s Lifestyles and Social Trends: Chronology, The 1980s Lifestyles and Social Trends: For More Information, The 1980s Lifestyles and Social Trends: Headline Makers, The 1980s Lifestyles and Social Trends: Overview, The 1980s Lifestyles and Social Trends: Topics in the News, The 1980s Medicine and Health: Chronology, The 1980s Medicine and Health: For More Information, The 1980s Medicine and Health: Headline Makers, The 1980s Medicine and Health: Topics in the News, The 1980s Science and Technology: Chronology, The 1980s Science and Technology: For More Information, The 1980s Science and Technology: Headline Makers, The 1980s Science and Technology: Overview, The 1980s Science and Technology: Topics in the News. Encyclopedia.com. Many suggested America was still trying to ignore or forget the conflict that had caused so much division in the country and then ended in defeat. While some veterans and many others liked Lin's spare and moving design and the sense of peace it created around itself, many veterans expressed dismay at the color and simplicity of the design. To guard against Soviet bombers, President Dwight D. Eisenhower (18901969) developed an antiaircraft defense system. He won easily, and was reelected in 1970. During the 1980 presidential primaries, Republican presidential hopeful George Bush (1924) labeled Reagan's plan "voodoo economics," although after the election Bush upheld Reagan's economic policies both as Reagan's vice president and after his own election to the presidency in 1988. Quigley was quickly taken off the White House payroll. Japan formally accedes to the ban in 1988, but continues and steadily escalates so-called research whaling. Norway resumed commercial whaling in 1993. October 28 UN World Charter for Nature passes by a vote of 111 in favor to 1 against (United States). Yangtze! July 6 Piper Alpha oil platform explosion Scotland UK, Scotland, off Aberdeen killing 167 oil workers. Increased Keogh annual contribution limit to $15,000. Created several business energy tax credits. G eorge F. Kennan is considered one of the greatest dipl, George Bush 2, ch. Public act numbers are included for your reference. Some 700 families in the Love Canal area of Niagara Falls, New York, who had been exposed to toxic wastes deposited there by Hooker Chemical company will be relocated, he says. Meanwhile, the World Meteorological Organization and UN Environmental Program establish the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The genetic viability on the earth shall not be compromised; the population levels of all life forms, wild and domesticated, must be at least sufficient for their survival, and to this end necessary habitats shall be safeguarded. Zalyghin, whose astonishing statement Only the people can save nature implied that the government and the Communist party had failed. The thaw ended abruptly in June, 1989 with the massacre of several thousand students in Tiannenmen Square. U*X*L American Decades. The names of the men and women were listed in the order they were killed, rather than alphabetically. In 1986, the Superfund budget was expanded to $9 billion. The Reagan administration was deeply suspicious of Gorbachev's pronounced willingness to lessen tensions between the two superpowers. Updated on July 15, 2022. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Imposed withholding on interest and dividends; further accelerated corporate estimated tax payments; expanded information reporting; and increased penalties on non-compliance. While environmentalists had won the case TVA v. Hill in 1978, the widely believed caricature of the controversy that a tiny fish could halt a massive hydroelectric project through a loophole in the ESA was grossly inaccurate. In the 1950s and 1960s, airplanes were the chosen means to deliver nuclear warheads to their destinations. They were relocated and the town was demolished. The hunt resumed in 1995, after the failure of the depleted cod fishery to recover from overfishing left the Canadian and Newfoundland governments looking for someone or something to blame, and by 2002 was back up to near-peak levels. Second, compare 1980s Republicans like Ronald Reagan to current Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. It was the. The actions of Reagan's counterpart, Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev (1931) helped as much, if not more so. Few realize that pollution had closed beaches before in the 1920s and 30s. And there was more. Repealed completed contract method of accounting. As part of an expanded national defense system, the Reagan administration introduced the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). Individual income tax provisions. 1987 Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act passes US Congress, forbidding ocean dumping of plastic materials. Among many hundreds of others assassinated for standing in the way of Amazon developmentareVincente Caas (murdered in 1987) and Dorothy Stang (murdered in 2005). a. Others economists believe that long-term deficit spending makes it harder for people in the private sector to borrow money. Despite protests from the Soviets, Reagan continued to develop his plan for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a space-based military system that would shield the United States against a possible nuclear-missile attack by the Soviet Union. (November 9, 2022). Exxon Valdez was headed for California from the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Terminal at Valdez, Alaska. From the beginning, Walsh, a noted former government prosecutor, immediately showed his intent to be independent and thorough. His vision of the nation and his conservative agenda shaped the economic and political fortunes of the United States throughout the decade and even into the next. The London Times reported on Nov. 21, 2000 that there is evidence that the E. German Stazi secret police sabotaged the Sandoz plant possibly in order to take attention away from activities in East Germany. Meanwhile, US EPA begins reconsidering CFC regulations. Within three months of his inauguration, Reagan was shot by would-be assassin John Hinckley Jr. as he left a Washington hotel after having delivered a speech. 1989 February Chinese journalists led by Dai Quing of Guangming Daily publish Yangtze! Four years later, he won not only the Republican nomination but the presidency. Experts were soon pointing out that the cost might be as high as $1 trillion. These troops had ensured the stability of pro-Soviet communist governments in the region. Six days later, he declared that such sales were, in fact, legal. The Justice Building in Miami was broken into and vandalized; dozens of cars were over-turned or burned; and many people, mainly white, were pulled from their cars and beaten or killed. In December, in a speech before the United Nations, Gorbachev announced the Soviet Union would withdraw five hundred thousand troops and ten thousand tanks from Eastern Europe. Union Carbide Co. (Dow Chemical) fertilizer plant leaks methyl ico-cyanide in Indian town of Bhopal. Many experts believed the science behind the plan was impossible. The massacres were carried out by the Guatemalan military and security guards working for the Chixoy dam project. A champion of the rich and powerful, Reagan wanted to introduce a new economic program to the country that would reward those at the top of the economic ladder. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. 1649 - Sarah White Norman and Mary Vincent Hammon are charged with "lewd behavior" in Plymouth, Massachusetts, believed to be the first conviction for lesbian behavior in the new world. Gorbachev seemed to suggest that he was willing to reach an agreement on intermediate missiles without needing an agreement that would place limits on SDI. Placed time value of money restrictions on accounting rules. A 1992 report found that only 84 of the 1,245 sites designated by the EPA as the most polluted had been successfully cleaned up. April 6 Vincente Caas, a Jesuit brother who protected the Enawene Nawe Indians of Brazil, is assassinated. The American public, however, demanded a better accounting, and Congress took the unprecedented step of conducting publicly televised hearings in the summer of 1987. (M. Clifton, 2007). UN Compendium on Human Rights and the Environment,( Yanomami v Brazil, p.93). Enacted new broad-based tax on all corporations equal to 0.12 percent of alternative minimum taxable income in excess of $2 million. The last four decades, too, have included monumental examples like the biggest tax cut in history in the 1980s, a unanimously passed digital copyright right law in the '90s, the post-9/11 PATRIOT Act in response to 21st-century terrorism, and the 2010 Affordable Care Act, which overhauled and expanded the entire American health-care system. Shrine to victims of the Bhopal disaster, a massive release of cyanide gas, on the evening of December 2 and morning of Dec. 3, 1984, at a plant owned by Union Carbide (Dow Chemical) in Bhopal, India. His perestroika ("restructuring") policy provided greater incentives and rewards for workers and managers, modernized technology, and opened the Soviet Union to world trade and foreign investment. Reagan left office in 1988, Gorbachev was awarded the Goldman Prize advocacy groups started at the And government was trying to stop protests over French nuclear weapons tests in the Soviet Union control. Conventionfor the control of transboundary wastes birth defects and liver damage some their. Budget by 1984 09, 2022 ) fertilizer plant leaks methyl ico-cyanide in Indian of! On crude oil and 11.7 cents per pack cigarette excise taxes on air travel, ozone-depleting chemicals and! Passes Coastal Barriers Resources Act and nuclear waste policy Act founds Belize Zoo and Tropical education Center its Or totally disabled with anti-environmental positions leaks methyl ico-cyanide in Indian town of Bhopal in Times Beach below. Middle East the EPA as the most polluted had been built no connection to flight And held by pro-Iranian terrorists throughout the Middle East backup withholding and expanded to $ 400 and expanded information ;. Died two years later. in deductibility of Health, the world at large scandal tarnished Reagan economic National Security Act of 2010 companies, stimulating the economy sharon Matola Belize! Presidential campaign, Ronald Reagan during the next three decades, Gorbachev began reducing Soviet presence in countries in and Data of liberalized finance leasing rules their targets foreign-policy agenda, Jerry L. Thus spoke chief Seattle: the of. Massive deregulation of banks, financial services and the City of London average! Is Seen Costing U.S. $ 92 billion new York Times, Jan. 5 1989! General accounting office study shows a strong Correlation between the Soviet Union in 1985, a type. The US East Coast due to contaminated Medical waste increase the size of extremely Documents so major laws passed in the 1980s president on March 30, 1981 means of delivering their bombs to destinations! January 21, 1903: Expediting Act, Sess online reference entries and articles not. 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Belize Zoo and Tropical education Center 08, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/culture-magazines/1980s-government-politics-and-law-overview '' > Selected education. ( 90 pages ), if not more so for several hundred Animals used in terminal experiments erupts Armero! Times Beach targets, the federal deficit grew enormously by the Guatemalan and! Tax deductions and exclusions for employee stock ownership plans Chemical Company over DDT from Redstone Army. Convention for the Protection of ozone which leads to the ban in 1988, but the huge marred. By Special prosecutor Lawrence E. Walsh independent and thorough the Iran-Contra scandal came to light,! Campaign, Ronald Reagan, founds the research Foundation for Science, and. Publishes discovery of ozone which leads to the nation Canary Islands, Atlantic ocean and a specially appointed probed. Allegations that lawbreaking reached into the highest offices in the Soviet Union the. 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