In this group, we have Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Radon (Rn). Question 20. The diagram below shows the arrangement of the atoms in each layer, and the way the layers are spaced. 2. The former readily rub into the skin (hence the term vanishing cream) and are removed by licking and washing. Question 5. Take a small iron nail, a coal piece, a piece of thick aluminium wire and a pencil lead. Suggest separation technique(s) one would need to employ to separate the following mixtures. (a) a compound Dry ice is dropped into water; absorbing heat from the water, the solid carbon dioxide sublimes, carrying with it a lot of water vapor. The hydrogen's electron is left behind on the chlorine to form a negative chloride ion. The elements in group 7 have the highest electron affinities, they form negative ions easily, as go down the group the electron affinity decreases so reactivity decreases. Question 28. How to Revise Efficiently for KCSE Exams (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) 1. Give the equation of the reaction taking place. However, low molecular weight and a high lipid/water partition coefficient tend to favor passage of the drug through the skin. (iii) The product so formed cannot be classified as a compound Phosphorus is to be kept in water to prevent its contact with air because it is highly reactive. Positive anode is where the oxidation of the atom or anion is by electron loss. Iodine is a mineral found in sea vegetables like seaweed or kelp. formulae; Which of the following are chemical changes? First, Im supposed to say something you already know: Nothing in this article should be misconstrued as medical advice. Injectable preparations are usually sterile solutions or suspensions of drug in water or other suitable physiologically acceptable vehicles. (c) Explain why diamond does not conduct electricity but graphite does. Diamond For e.g., when a sodium atom combines with a chlorine atom to form sodium chloride, the sodium atom loses one electron and becomes positively charged ion. Halide ions (chloride, bromide, and iodide) are released preferentially and if these are not present then the hydroxide ions from the water are released at the anode. Answer: CRE Notes Form 2 Intraruminal pellets containing selenium or cobalt are available for sheep. The mixture of acetone and salt solution in water can be separated by distillation since a difference in their boiling points is more than 25C. A suspension for injection consists of insoluble solid particles dispersed in a liquid medium, with the solid particles accounting for 0.5%30% of the suspension. In other words, ice is less dense than liquid water and will float on the surface of the liquid. These dosage forms as well as the specialized topical dosage forms and delivery systems for transdermal drug delivery and parasite control are discussed below. (b) (ii) and (iv) They react with elements in group 7 to give the general formula MX2(M is the metal and X represents any members of group 7. Down the Group, first ionization energy (the energy required to remove 1 electron from the gaseous atom) decreases. Take a small amount of powdered sulphur in a deflagrating spoon and heat it. (a) corrosion and it is a physical as well as chemical change A method of separation of insoluble solid from a mixture. It does not react with any substance at ordinary temperatures. 3. 3. The flocculation of oil droplets in emulsifiable concentrate formulations leads to a layer of cream that can be readily dispersed by mild agitation, whereas the coalescence of droplets leads to the inversion or breaking of the emulsion. Marker and other create a Weekly planner whiteboard Start by browsing our collection of ready-made whiteboard Like an overwhelmed parent send your ideas collaborate with others at the same time to the screen having multiple,! 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There is competition between the copper ions and the hydrogen ions. Immersion rods for heating liquids are made up of metallic substances. (a) She can find the nature of the gas by using a wet litmus paper. diamond 1. all electrons involved in bonding/four bonds per atom; Limnu ( Web ) for a way to get some help around the house and up. Hydrogen sulphide. or avoid contact with lead compounds/acid Compounds with ionic bonding usually have high melting points. (b) Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points. or Solution: Question 10. Planners at Officeworks Schedule Lift-Out whiteboards that you need a space to go back forth Of stickers can circle the correct one by browsing our collection of online! sulphuric acid is also produced. Atoms cannot be created, divided or destroyed during any chemical or physical change. 2. Intermolecular attractions are attractions between one molecule and a neighbouring molecule. Magnesium oxide is a base. Emulsions are inherently unstable and are stabilized through the use of an emulsifying agent, which prevents coalescence of the dispersed droplets. (iii) The product so formed cannot be classified as a compound. The product left behind due to this reaction, is a molecule of carbon dioxide and a molecule of carbon monoxide. Granules and powders generally behave similarly; however, granules must deaggregate before dissolution and absorption. An ion is a charged particle made from an atom by the loss or gain of electrons. (a) Why might you expect diamond and graphite to have the same properties? Each atom of carbon is surrounded by four other atoms that together forms the tetrahedral structure, as shown in the figure 10.1. Chemistry Form One Pdf For creating multiple whiteboards, you can come up with creatively with notes, I made the boxes 2 2. Carbon dioxide is easily prepared by the action of dilute hydrochloric acids on metal carbonates (normally calcium carbonate or marble). It is not usually prepared in a school laboratory. (ii) (e) 5. Once again, the covalent bond holds the two atoms together because the pair of electrons is attracted to both nuclei. 18. Such materials have no free electrons. Process However some covalent substances dissolve in water and form ions. 2. The letters used are not the symbols of the elements. 4. Answer: Also, be sure to check out The Mastery Method: Activate Your Higher Potential for a fast and effective method that synthesizes the practices above. 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Thus it is easier to pull one electron from the outermost shell of the atom. Hydrogen Uses of Silica (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) Answer: Strong Electrolyte This can be got by heating limestone. Silicone is used in the manufacture of the T-shaped CIDR device and the coil-shaped PRID, whereas intravaginal sponges are made from polyurethane. (a) A solution of zinc chloride can be prepared by adding excess zinc carbonate to dilute hydrochloric acid. It is possible to continue in this way until al of the electrons on an atom have been removed. They form oxides easily and are known as alkali earth metals. There are some amazingly beautiful and intricate displays out there, but they all seemed a little too expensive to tackle. If electrons are gained by an atom, negative ions are formed. The anode dissolves, depositing the metal ions from the solution on the article in the form of a metallic coating. 1. When atoms from metallic elements combine with those from non-metals, they do so by transfer of electrons from one atom to another, forming compounds having "ionic or electrovalent" bonds. Again, noble gas structures are formed, and the magnesium oxide is held together by very strong attractions between the ions. (iii) Why would you expect sodium chloride and potassium chloride to have similar properties? Specialized Topical Dosage Forms and Delivery Systems for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Specialized Topical Dosage Forms, Delivery Systems, and Application Methods for Parasite Control: Inhaled Dosage Forms and Delivery Systems. Sawing of wood and hammering of a nail into a piece of wood are physical changes since there is no change in the composition of the wood during these changes. 3. The resulting gas mixture is known as water gas, and it is used as a fuel: Carbon monoxide is a neutral oxide. Each atom of carbon is surrounded by four other atoms that together forms the tetrahedral structure, as shown in the figure 10.1. When ionically bonded substances are melted or dissolved in water, the ions are free to move about. In general, electro negativity decreases down the Group as successive energy levels (electron shells) are filled, the positive nucleus exerts less force on electrons and so has less ability to attract electrons. Carbon monoxide + iron (III) oxide carbon dioxide + iron. The rate of drug release from ointments, creams, and pastes is principally determined by the semisolid base used. (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20% (mass percent) solution in 100 g of water? The membrane is also quite concentrated calcium-carbonate & so, just perfect for your perfect body, since your bones, teet, hair & nails are almost totally made of calcium carbonate! Answer: (c) Sodium hydroxide solution has a pH of 14. 3. Non-metals are not ductile, that is, they cannot be drawn into wires. Record your observations in Table 4.3. Question 16. They are known as anions because they drift towards the anode. Schedules here 47 Build and develop ideas with distributed teams as if you your. The partial charge that develops across the water molecule helps make it an excellent solvent. (b) (i) Suggest the type of bonding present in carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide. This abnormal behaviour can be explained as follows: It is found that shells have sub shells. There is, however, no direct contact between the delocalised electrons in one sheet and those in the neighbouring sheets. These vitamins signal to the cells to produce certain proteins and then vitamin K2 activates these proteins. However, some of them can be prepared by direct combination of the concerned elements or also by indirect routes. (a) The dot and cross diagrams show how a sodium atom bonds with a chlorine atom to form sodium chloride. Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl2+ H2 As the hydrogen ion hydrogen ion is lower in the electrochemical series than the sodium ion sodium, the hydrogen ions are preferentially reduced and hydrogen gas is produced at the electrode (bubbles are seen). 1 carat purity or gold = 100/24 It can also be blended into coffee to create a delicious caff mocha. Complete the sentence using a word from the box. (ii) 35.5; Some pour-on products on the market are formulated to deliver an active ingredient percutaneously. 3. all silver halides / compounds insoluble in water; (i) ice Fill in the blanks. 111 DIY Whiteboard Calendar and Planner. The total number of protons and neutrons present in one atom of an element is known as its mass number. Since the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the molecule carry opposite (though partial) charges, nearby water molecules are attracted to each other like tiny little magnets. Which one of them has made the desired solution and why? The mechanism of percutaneous drug absorption varies between species and is not completely understood. Graphite has a layer structure which is quite difficult to draw convincingly in three dimensions. The Halogens are typical non-metals and form the 7th Group in the Periodic Table 'Halogens' means 'salt formers' and the most common compound is sodium chloride which is found from natural evaporation as huge deposits of 'rock salt' or the even more abundant as 'sea salt' in the seas and oceans. d) By Treating Hydroxides with Acids The excipients present in premix formulations include carriers, liquid binders, diluents, anticaking agents, and antidust agents. Shilajit forms a thick resin thats packed with 85 different trace minerals including fulvic acid (see below). The chlorine atom gains the electron and it becomes negatively charged ion. Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. They exist as single atoms, i.e. When table salt is added to water, the partial charges on the water molecule are attracted to the Na+ and Cl- ions. Answer: Question 3. My life many ideas you can circle the correct one her brother was a couple years younger us Leave enough room in each section to note assignments and tasks that you are familiar with common design methods do! Explain the term metallurgy. Metals. The size of the atom gets bigger as more inner electron shells are filled going down from one period to another. The electrolyte must be a solution of a salt of metal M. Wood charcoal is mostly used as a fuel as it catches fire easily. Klb Chemistry Book 3 Notes You will find that the rust remains suspended in water. 4. (iii)An explanation to include: (b) Rising of hot air over a radiator. Part A Iron sulphide is formed which gives out hydrogen sulphide gas with HCI. Chemistry Notes Form 2 (Typically, metals have low electro negativity, little ability to attract electrons, while non-metals have high electro negativity, greater ability to attract electrons). The electronic structures (configuration) of elements represented by letters P, Q, R and S are: Which element (b) (i) Bonding - covalent; Give a reason for your answer. (iii) strong/high; Sample B which boils at 102C contains impurities. The atomic radii decrease while going from left to right in a period. Two common capsule types are available: hard gelatin capsules for solid-fill formulations, and soft gelatin capsules for liquid-fill or semisolid-fill formulations. 2. Physics Notes Form 1 to 4 Question 18. Graphite is used as an electrode in the dry cell. Which of the following concerning the species X, Y and P are correct? Biology Questions and Answers Form Three The Chinese call it the King of Plants. In Siberia, its the Gift from God. And for the Japanese, its the Diamond of the Forest.Not bad for wood-rotting fungus! Topics and Sub Topics in Class 8 Science Chapter 4 Materials Metals and Non-Metals: Question 1. Solution: continue to burn in carbon dioxide. This does not happen, because the number of protons also increases and there is relatively little extra shielding from electrons in the same principal energy level. Liquid Water and Hydrogen Bonding By Jeremy DUMONT, french strategic planner: interactive communications and use a dry-erase marker the! (c) Sulphur dioxide is dissolved in water ? As well as achieving noble gas structures by transferring electrons from one atom to another as in ionic bonding, it is also possible for atoms to reach these stable structures by sharing electrons to give covalent bonds. Negative anions e.g. Uses Pure sulphuric acid exists mostly in the form of molecules. The presence of 8 electrons in the outermost shell makes the atom very stable. The physical properties of silicon dioxide. Metal atoms most easily lose electrons, so they become positive ions. For an element to conduct electricity, it must contain electrons that are free to move. Answer: Each section to note assignments and tasks that you are familiar with common methods Everase help ideas Teachers Principals from notice boards to magnetic notice boards your virtual whiteboard for Education class! 2. So it is relatively easy for the element to give up its last electron. In horses, solutions and suspensions are administered by nasogastric tubes, pastes are applied to the tongue, and granules are added to rations for ingestion. Chemistry Notes - Acid, Bases and Salts (a) A metal which floats on water, reacts with it and forms an alkali. (b) Zinc dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen gas. When ionically bonded substances are melted or dissolved in water the ions are free to move about. NaCl is composed of Na+ ions and Cl- ions. (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) X + Y P (b) (i) (0.75 37) + (0.25 35) = 35.5;; 4. (b) R Numerous methods are used to apply parasiticides to farm animals (see below). (a) How many atoms are there in one molecule of water? (a) (i) and (ii) Both these uses have now been banned by international law, in the developed world at least. (a) Are the two solutions of the same concentration? The pay-out period for intraruminal boluses is commonly >100 days. The attraction created by hydrogen bonds keeps water liquid over a wider range of temperature than is found for any other molecule its size. (a) hydrogen A liquid binding agent, such as a vegetable oil, should be included in the formulation whenever a carrier is used. (a) How will she find the nature of the gas ? In fog, the dispersed phase is liquid and the dispersion medium is gas. The solution changes colour from blue to colourless. While seaweed is a mainstay of an Asian diet, in the West, were mostly iodine deficient. The mixture turned cloudy white. Question 1. Check the solution with red and blue litmus papers [Fig. A week planner whiteboard helps you stay focused. Pure gold is highly malleable and soft. Because of this property, it is also used as a lubricant. It can only be stored in a liquid hydrocarbon like mineral oil or kerosene oil. The ratio of volumes is about 2:1 for hydrogen and oxygen respectively. nickel plating of iron to prevent corrosion. Strontium, barium and radium are all too reactive or unstable to be used. Diluents increase the bulk of premix formulations, but unlike carriers, they do not bind the active ingredients. Identify solute and solvent in tincture of iodine. Spm Chemistry Revision Notes In this group, we have Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe) and Radon (Rn). (b) (i) measuring cylinder/burette/pipette; Graphite Dry ice is used to create artificial clouds as special effects, for stage shows, films, discotheques etc. If need be, the gas should be prepared in a fume chamber. So to get the desired effects on your pineal gland detox, you want raw cacao, ideally organic. Vigorous effervescence occurs as bubbles of carbon dioxide are liberated. Cu2+ + 2e Cu The upper layer in the separating funnel will be of .. and the lower layer will be that of .. Answer: water, chloroform (hint-density of water is less than that of chloroform). 1. 5) Covalent compounds are bad conductors of electricity. The oil retards evaporation of the insecticide and enhances adherence to the animals coat. They discovered that the 'atom' maintains its chemical identity through all chemical and physical changes. A calcified pineal gland impairs our sleep, cognitive abilities, reaction time, judgment, perception, and performance. Oxygen collects at the anode. These products are formulated for pour-on application within 24 hr after shearing (ie, off-shears) or spray-on application (in short-wool sheep with wool growth < 6 wk, and in long-wool sheep with wool growth >6 wk). Table 4.1 Malleability of Materials. Impurities of calcium and magnesium present in brine are precipitated as carbonates. The attraction created by hydrogen bonds keeps water liquid over a wider range of temperature than is found for any other molecule its size. The relative atomic mass (Ar) is the average mass of an element, taking account of its natural isotopes and their percentage abundance. Helium can also be obtained from natural gas wells where it has accumulated from radioactive decay (alpha particles become atoms of helium gas when they gain two electrons). Chemical reactivity is highest at the two extremes and is the lowest in the centre.
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