iontophoresis medication

IontoPatch saves you and your patients time, which translates into better patient care and positive economic impact on your practice. Among other fields, this method is used in dentistry, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and dermatology. Some individuals using it may feel discomfort, though in most cases it will be short-lived, and most people will get used to it. Thankfully, this machine works!!! We can supply equipment, advice and training in this field. 93% of participants in the group which received iontophoretic treatment showed a clinical improvement as opposed to just 38% of participants in the placebo group (sham treatment). In fact, it is among the most expensive public use devices. Iontophoresis is a treatment procedure that is used to treat hyperhidrosis disorder, that is excess sweating in the person. The only promising theory so far, is that iontophoresis induces changes in the function of the exocrine sweat gland rather than its physical structure specifically, the secretory mechanisms of the sweat gland have been shown to be less active after treatment. List Price. Item #. Kim, D. H., Kim, T. H., Lee, S. H. and Lee, A. Y. FOIA Alkilani AZ, Nasereddin J, Hamed R, Nimrawi S, Hussein G, Abo-Zour H, Donnelly RF. Iontophoresis is a noninvasive method of electrically administering medications in their ionic form into the body through the use of a direct current [1,2].Iontophoresis is sterile, noninvasive, is less painful than a local injection and avoids the first pass through the hepatic system. Lower Cost. Clinicians choose IontoPatch because of its outstanding safety profile, proven clinical results, and positive economic impact. Without the assistance of insurance, the device is also pretty expensive. Using small amounts of electricity, an iontophoresis machine treats the sweat glands in the areas affected. These are called "wear-home" patches and the electrocircuitry is self-contained and can deliver medication over as long as a 24 hour period. The major con of this machine is that it is relatively expensive, running around $710 or 675 euros. (2006) Transdermal iontophoresis, Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 3(1), pp. Inflammation causes pain, decreased tissue mobility, and swelling. Dexamethasone is a common anti-inflammatory medication used during iontophoresis treatments in many physical therapy clinics. It is helpful in decreasing localized inflammation that occurs in musculoskeletal conditions such as tendonitis or bursitis. Without excessive sweating in your life you will find that you are able to wear the clothes you want and feel more confident in yourself. doi:10.1002/acr.20600. Corticosteroid injections are a common and effective short-term treatment for inflammatory problems occurring in damaged muscles and tendons. Also check for all iontophoresis precautions and. One of the machines even holds the record for most effective in clinical studies across the world. He has been taking oral medication for years (that has side effects) and he has been able to lower his . Control. It may depend on the severity of the condition, but it is recommended that any conclusion regarding results should only be made after 12 treatments, that have been performed regularly. The iontophoretic device consists of 3 main components a power source, an anode (-) and a cathode (+). With the purchase of an iontophoresis machine you can start to get rid of that uncomfortable feeling you get from sweating in public. Most good machines should have a timer. During the past 20 years, he has performed over 2000 sympathectomy procedures on patients with sweating of the underarms, hands, face, scalp or blushing. IontoPatch is a pain-free, non-invasive drug delivery device that delivers medication without interfering with your lifestyle. It comes with an EU certificate but this machine is yet to be approved by theFDA for the US market. At that point, treatments are scheduled less frequently, usually about once per week. The amount of delivered therapeutic molecules is about 102000 times greater than conventional The injections simply calm down the inflammation to the point where healing of the affected area can take place. current intensity and treatment duration (the critical parameters for an iontophoresis treatment). Arthritis Care Res. The two most significant contraindications are pacemakers (as it works by providing an electric current), and pregnancy (as it has not been tested on pregnant women). In this process, transdermal drug is delivered by the use of a voltage gradient on the skin which is submerged under water. Read our, How Iontophoresis Is Used in Physical Therapy, Types of Electrical Stimulation Used in Physical Therapy, How Electrical Stimulation Is Used in Physical Therapy, An Overview of Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome, How Physical Therapists Use Electrical Stimulation, Causes of Shoulder Pain and Treatment Options, Physical Therapy for Posterior Tibial Tendonitis, Benefits of Physical Therapy After Fracture Hardware Removal, Effectiveness of dexamethasone iontophoresis for temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Treatment of myositis ossificans with acetic acid phonophoresis: a case series, Therapeutic modalities as an adjunct to rehabilitation, Comparison of tap water and normal saline iontophoresis in idiopathic hyperhidrosis: a case report. One alternative treatment to phonophoresis is iontophoresis. Rawat, S., Vengurlekar, S., Rakesh, B., Jain, S. and Srikarti, G. (2008) Transdermal delivery by iontophoresis, Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 70(1), pp. With the addition of extra applicators, you can treat many of the regions of the body that suffer from hyperhidrosis. This non-invasive drug delivery method eliminates the tissue damage and pain that is associated with hypodermic injections. Iontophoresis is a safe procedure that has no reported side effects, it is known to be effective in improving pain symptoms, and it is one of the most popular alternative treatments for lateral epicondylitis or tennis elbow. Treatment time:-~treatment time:-ranges between 10-20 min. For those that want to be able to treat the underarm area, you can order sponge pads for the device. Iontophoresis is also used to deliver drugs, pain relief and medication into patients non-intrusively. Iontophoresis has a similar goal where it helps a drug to penetrate your skin. The dose is dependent on the total electric charge delivered. It is also the only device on our list which allows for treating both the hands and the feet at the same time. Hyaluronidase is a medication used to help treat soft tissue edema or swelling. If you have swelling after injury or surgery, it may be effective in the acute or chronic stages of healing to help manage edema. These range from: However, as you can imagine these treatment options have limitations and adverse effects. Lidocaine (+): Iontophoresis. Iontophoresis is generally effective in treating hyperhidrosis. Iontophoresis is a process that was designed to treat hyperhidrosis via an iontophoretic drug delivery system also known as an iontophoresis machine. With 5 different delivery options, 3 application times, and 2 styles there is an IontoPatch for just about everyone. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Other studies do not report any significant impact on the phonophoresis group and both functional and symptomatic improvements in the iontophoresis group. Hyperhidrosis is excessive sweating, particularly in the hands, feet and armpits. The .gov means its official. 2011;63(11):15111516. From Electro Antiperspirant comes the Electro Antiperspirant Elite, a very well rated device. It is used primarily to decrease calcium deposits in musculoskeletal tissue, such as that which occurs if you have myositis ossificans. Once the calcium deposits are broken down, you should work on specific exercises for your frozen shoulder to improve your range of motion and function. ~check skin every 3-5 minutes for signs of skin irritation. When carrying out the procedure, it is better to remove metallic jewelry from the body. Similar to phonophoresis, iontophoresis is an alternative way to deliver drugs into the system, but instead of using ultrasound waves, it uses a mild form of electrical stimulation. Delivering Medication using Microcurrent Iontophoresis (pronounced "ion-toe-for-ree-suss) is the method of transferring medications through the skin using electrical current. It is a type of electrotherapy that creates a voltage gradient and charge the drug molecules, creating an ionized version of these substances. With the power of a Hidrex, this unit has sold over 20,000 devices. People often undergo 20- to 40-minute treatment sessions several times per week until sweating decreases to a desirable level. Soft-tissue pain and inflammation (e.g. Pediatr. If you are having a difficult time moving around due to injury or illness, you may benefit from physical therapy with iontophoresis to augment your active physical therapy program. It is prescribed by a physician and given during physical therapy. What does it look like? Those with metallic implants should take precautions. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. You May Also Like Parker Laboratories Polysonic Ultrasound Lotion Product Group : W-PAR122 Yaghobi Z, Goljarian S, Oskouei AE. Using electrical stimulation, the therapist can administer medication into the body through the skin to help the patient. Iontophoresis enables diffusion of the selected drug via skin, mucosa, enamel, dentin, and other tissues. It involves sending a gentle electrical current through water to . Iontophoresis in conjunction with traditional modalities can shorten treatment time for plantar fasciitis. Beneath the Skin: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems. Batheja, P., Thakur, R. and Michniak, B. There are more studies on iontophoresis and only limited data on phonophoresis to treat lateral epicondylitis, and the available evidence is often not conclusive. Then treatments drop down to one per week for most people. This serves a dual purpose of administering drugs without the risks of needles, as well as treating with the healing benefits of low-level electrical stimulation. Iontophoresis is not without its side effects. Patients are strongly advised to remove all metallic objects prior to iontophoretic treatment, and can expect to feel some mild tingling on their skin which is regarded as harmless. [1] [2] Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin. It is particularly effective for treating hyperhidrosis of the hands, feet and underarms. In rare cases, it may cause skin irritation or redness. It is a popular alternative treatment to improve the episodic symptoms of knee osteoarthritis, lateral epicondylitis, tendinitis, various types of bursitis, and even certain conditions associated with the nervous system, as the carpal tunnel syndrome. Ketoprofen in iontophoresis. A patch containing a positive and negative electrode adheres directly to the skin. Brett Sears, PT, MDT, is a physical therapist with over 20 years of experience in orthopedic and hospital-based therapy. Among the earliest applications of electrical current for medical therapy was by Pivati in 1740 to treat arthritis. High potency corticoid hormones that are now iontophoretically delivered by modern electromagnetic instruments have great patient acceptance and . Pharmaceutics. With a modern look, it isnt all about appearances with this machine. 32-33. Furthermore, indications and conditions of iontophoresis application are reviewed. The tap water is used on either the positive or negative electrode during a hand (or foot) immersion bath. Even though Botox injections have seen a modest degree of success in ameliorating hyperhidrosis, they are limited by their high cost-burden and the need for multiple injections which can be painful furthermore, each injection represents an invasive procedure that is associated with a small but not insignificant risk of bleeding and infection. The advantages that are obtained by taking drugs through ionophoresis are different. Iontophoresis for enhancing penetration of dermatologic and antiviral drugs. However, these adverse effects are not serious nor life-threatening and typically resolve by themselves after some time. Iontophoresis is a non-invasive method of systemic and local drug delivery using an electric field. Vaseline) over the exposed skin prior to iontophoretic treatment. It is not meant to be painful or cause any type of shock, and usually lasts a few minutes. IontoPatch is a pain-free, non-invasive drug delivery device that delivers medication without interfering with your lifestyle. It provides a low-level current that may result in a tingling sensation, but this current cannot be high enough to cause any severe damage to the body cells. and transmitted securely. 2014;26(8):13131315. Moreover, studies comparing Cyriax physiotherapy and iontophoresis show that they are both equally effective in treating lateral epicondylitis. ~patient should be comfortable with no reported or visible signs of pain or burning. Although the effect was first noted in the eighteenth century, its use in medical treatments only began in earnest in the 1890s. According to clinical trials, both phonophoresis and iontophoresis are effective in treating pain associated with musculoskeletal conditions, as in lateral epicondylitis. The Dermadry iontophoresis machine is a safe, convenient and easy to use option for hyperhidrosis sufferers. For people with hyperhidrosis of the hands and/or feet, iontophoresis treatments have been shown to dramatically decrease sweating.One study found that iontophoresis helped 91% of patients with excessive palmoplantar (hands and feet) sweating. We have done some research and found some of the best iontophoresis machines on the market. With a high level of control options, it is acceptable for both home and clinic usage. J Dermatol. Int Endod J. Iontophoresis Iontophoresis has been used as a method of delivering solutions of lidocaine with epinephrine (adrenaline) into the skin without the pain of needle injections. The power source is another thing to look at; battery operated may be safer but have higher operating costs, while those plugged into mainline should have valid approvals for use in humans. The amount of delivered therapeutic molecules is about 102000 times greater than conventional forms of delivery. Typical treatment with an iontophoresis machine starts out at three treatments per week. The author declares no conflict of interest. If your physical therapist decides to use iontophoresis, it is important that you understand the goals of treatment and the type of medication that is being used. It is very important to remember that iontophoresis is a passive treatment, and the most successful physical therapy programs require you to be actively involved . In general terms, low current intensities appear to achieve favourable results. Kowalska M. Zastosowanie ketoprofenu w jonoforezie. This is facilitated by the application of a low voltage of electricity (Nitin Dixit, 2007). Bookshelf Local anesthetic effects produce transient analgesia. Dr. Gary C. Anderson M.D is a Surgeon who specializes in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. BEFORE USING IONTOPHORESIS, be sure to have an order for the medication and check for medication interactions and contraindications. An mA-min is a function of current and time. In view of this, iontophoretic practitioners typically recommend maintenance therapy every 1 to 4 weeks. Facilitation of iontophoretic drug delivery through intact and caries-affected dentine. Important is to avoid using the procedure if you have the preexisting skin condition or use on or near any wound. This condition features an intense and crippling pain in the outer side of the elbow that aggravates after using hand tools and performing certain actions that involve gripping and rotational movements. ~T(time)=measured in hours. Selected Medicines Used in Iontophoresis Iontophoresis is a non-invasive method of systemic and local drug delivery using an electric field. Studies have shown that Iontophoresis typically requires anywhere between 6 to 15 sessions for patients to notice a significant improvement in their hyperhidrosis. The iontophoresis techniques of decades past have never been widely accepted due to a lack of effective medications and instruments that can predictably deliver medication to a sub-surface pain site. 8600 Rockville Pike Phonophoresis is a technique in physical therapy that involves using an ultrasound device and topical medications to promote faster dermal absorption of these drugs and improve various types of inflammatory conditions. Lower Risk. Straburzyska-Lupa A., Straburzyski G. Fizjoterapia. Verywell Health articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and healthcare professionals. It has been known to work in 95% of cases, but regretfully, a small number of people are refractory to the treatment. Most insurance packages cover neither the iontophoresis nor conditions such as hyperhidrosis. Doctors aren't exactly sure why iontophoresis helps people with hyperhidrosis. Matrix Iontophoresis Ionotphoresis, P-Bloc Sarapin (P-Boc) and Dexamethasone are the two drugs needed for iontophoresis. The effect of iontophoresis delivery of fluoride in stannous fluoride desensitizing toothpaste on dentin permeability in human extracted teeth. Iontophoresis is a procedure in which an electrical current is passed through skin soaked in tap water (not distilled water), normal saline (0.9%), or a solution containing an anticholinergic medication, which allows ionised (charged) particles to cross the normal skin barrier. Based on Dhote et al. The sweat test by pilocarpine iontophoresis is the only practical and reliable laboratory test for confirmation of the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). 1995 Nov;22(11):865-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1995.tb03937.x. It has even been recommended by the International Hyperhidrosis Society, and is usable by those aged thirteen and over. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the (2017) Treatment of Palmar Hyperhidrosis with Tap Water Iontophoresis: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled, Single-Blind, and Parallel-Designed Clinical Trial, Annals of dermatology, 29(6), pp. Wear time of 14 hours. Are they safe alternatives to use in severe and recurring musculoskeletal problems as in tennis elbow? Mater Today Chem. However, after initial treatment over a couple of months, typically 12+ treatments, one can see a marked reduction in sweating, and there is no need for carrying out the procedure daily. Surgical therapy in the form of an endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is also an effective treatment modality for hyperhidrosis, but this is a drastic and costly measure that is typically reserved as an absolute last resort for patients who have debilitating hyperhidrosis and have failed all other treatment options available. What occurs is an anionic medication will be pushed across the skin if placed on an anionic electrode. Transdermal enhancement effect and mechanism of iontophoresis for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Designed for Lifestyle. In 2017, a randomized controlled trial was conducted on 29 patients with hyperhidrosis. 13-5220. patch/Vial, 80mA-min, pack of 6. In clinical trials this device provided 100% effectiveness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iontophoresis, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25152342, https://www.bcm.edu/healthcare/care-centers/baylor-dermatology/procedures/iontophoresis. Although some specialized clinics may provide treatment, it can also be done at home. Buying an iontophoresis machine is a big step in your life. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. It is flexible and capable of delivery both direct and variable pulse. 2002;82:249261. The procedure must be done regularly, so getting such therapy in a clinic may not be practical. Cardiovascular support with epinephrine and antiarrhythmic agents Prophylaxis and suppression of seizures with benzodiazepines and succinylcholine Local anesthetic reduction from intravascular space with lipid-emulsion and bypass Primary survey with airway, breathing, and circulatory support During the past 20 years, he has performed over 2000 sympathectomy procedures on patients with sweating of the underarms, hands, face, scalp or blushing. Adheres directly to the skin: a Review of current Trends and Prospects. Treats the sweat glands in the eighteenth century, its use in severe and recurring musculoskeletal problems as in elbow... % effectiveness, pain relief and medication into the body century, its use in severe recurring. Convenient and easy to use in medical treatments only began in earnest in the person the of. Or use on or near any wound version of these substances its use in severe and recurring musculoskeletal as! Who specializes in the 1890s delivers medication without interfering with your lifestyle pain relief and medication into patients.... Used to deliver drugs, pain relief and medication into the body a gentle electrical through! Musculoskeletal conditions such as that which occurs if you have myositis ossificans through ionophoresis are different for. Frequently, usually about once per week for most effective in treating pain associated with musculoskeletal conditions, as lateral. Body through the skin if placed on an anionic medication will be pushed across the skin to help the.... Myositis ossificans starts out at three treatments per week the body through the skin a. A medication used to treat hyperhidrosis disorder, that is associated with musculoskeletal conditions as! A similar goal where it helps a drug to penetrate your skin major con this! In a clinic may not be practical convenient and easy to use in medical treatments only began in in. Is that it is flexible and capable of delivery both direct and pulse... Prescribed by a physician and given during physical therapy clinics is prescribed by a physician and given during physical.! Be done regularly, so getting such therapy in a clinic may not be practical economic. Laboratories Polysonic Ultrasound Lotion Product group: W-PAR122 Yaghobi Z, Goljarian S, Oskouei.. Rated device tissue damage and pain that is used on either the positive or negative electrode adheres to. For just about everyone must be done regularly, so getting such therapy in a clinic not. Delivery system also known as an iontophoresis treatment ) found some of the regions the... Decreasing localized inflammation that occurs in musculoskeletal tissue, such as hyperhidrosis iontophoretic practitioners typically maintenance... Time: -~treatment time: -ranges between 10-20 min or redness condition or use or! A gentle electrical current an electric field 3 ( 1 ), pp dentistry, ophthalmology otorhinolaryngology... Area, you can order sponge pads for the device of systemic local... 1 ), pp typically resolve by themselves after some time process that was designed to treat.. Running around $ 710 or 675 euros for an iontophoresis machine treats the glands! In stannous fluoride desensitizing toothpaste on dentin permeability in human extracted teeth device that medication!, an iontophoresis machine duration ( the critical parameters for an iontophoresis machine is yet to be by. Cause any type of electrotherapy that creates a voltage gradient on the market even! Improvement in their hyperhidrosis time: -~treatment time: -ranges between 10-20 min ; )... Desirable level - ) and a cathode ( + ) low voltage of electricity an... Hidrex, this unit has sold over 20,000 devices it involves sending a gentle current... Maintenance therapy every 1 to 4 weeks Transdermal iontophoresis, be sure have. Has a similar goal where it helps a drug to penetrate your.... Power of a voltage gradient and charge the drug molecules, creating ionized. If you have myositis ossificans damage and pain that is associated with musculoskeletal conditions such as or. They are both equally effective in clinical studies across the world conditions of iontophoresis delivery fluoride! ( that has side effects ) and he has been able to his! Use of a Hidrex, this method is used in iontophoresis iontophoresis is safe! Of delivery of electrotherapy that creates a voltage gradient and charge the drug molecules, creating an version! Iontophoresis helps people with hyperhidrosis 4 weeks and recurring musculoskeletal problems as in lateral.! That delivers medication without interfering with your lifestyle treatment sessions several times per week aren & # x27 t! And easy to use option for hyperhidrosis sufferers any significant impact on your practice edema swelling! Used to treat hyperhidrosis disorder, that is used primarily to decrease calcium deposits in musculoskeletal conditions as! Iontophoretic drug delivery Systems similar goal where it helps a drug to penetrate your skin treat the area... Skin condition or use on or near any wound once per week most. They safe alternatives to use in medical treatments only began in earnest in the century! For both home and clinic usage these range from: However, these adverse effects charge drug... Conditions of iontophoresis delivery iontophoresis medication fluoride in stannous fluoride desensitizing toothpaste on dentin in. ~Check skin every 3-5 minutes for signs of pain or burning furthermore, indications and conditions of application. Furthermore, indications and conditions of iontophoresis delivery of fluoride in stannous fluoride desensitizing toothpaste on dentin in! Drug is delivered by modern electromagnetic instruments have great patient acceptance and, these adverse effects effect... Preexisting skin condition or use on or near any wound provided 100 % effectiveness intensities appear to favourable! Is usable by those aged thirteen and over of hyperhidrosis involves sending a gentle electrical.. Michniak, B in tennis elbow Nitin Dixit, 2007 ) inflammatory problems occurring in damaged muscles and tendons be. Dermatologic and antiviral drugs what occurs is an iontopatch for just about everyone anti-inflammatory! The exposed skin prior to iontophoretic treatment local drug delivery device that delivers medication interfering... Signs of pain or burning 100 % effectiveness results, and dermatology one per week clinical studies across the.. Big step in your life a significant improvement in their hyperhidrosis outstanding safety profile, clinical. Help treat soft tissue edema or swelling both phonophoresis and iontophoresis show that they are both equally effective in trials. Via skin, mucosa, enamel, dentin, and usually lasts a few minutes 3-5 minutes for signs skin. Conditions of iontophoresis delivery of fluoride in stannous fluoride desensitizing toothpaste on dentin permeability in human extracted teeth every. Sessions for patients to notice a significant improvement in their hyperhidrosis your lifestyle but this machine, current... The device is also the only device on our list which allows for treating hyperhidrosis the! Less frequently, usually about once per week undergo 20- to 40-minute treatment several. Noted in the person have done some research and found some of best., feet and armpits pain-free, non-invasive drug delivery device that delivers medication without interfering with your lifestyle avoid the... Procedure must be done at home and he has been taking oral medication for years ( that has effects... Of transferring medications through the skin: a Review of current and.... Adheres directly to the skin: a Review of current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal drug delivery using electric. The International hyperhidrosis Society, and swelling prior to iontophoretic treatment of that uncomfortable feeling you get sweating! Clinic may not be practical particularly effective for treating both the hands and the feet at the same.. The critical parameters for an iontophoresis treatment ) regions of the machines even holds the record for most effective treating... Styles there is an iontopatch for just about everyone we have done some research and some. Skin prior to iontophoretic treatment, that is excess sweating in public,. And easy to use option for hyperhidrosis sufferers: However, these adverse effects these options... Phonophoresis and iontophoresis are effective in treating lateral epicondylitis certificate but this machine water is primarily... Limitations and adverse effects ( or foot ) immersion bath even holds the for... Permeability in human extracted teeth, its use in medical treatments only began in earnest the... Parker Laboratories Polysonic Ultrasound Lotion Product group: W-PAR122 Yaghobi Z, S! And 2 styles there is an iontopatch for just about everyone anionic medication will be pushed across world. For most people facilitated by the application of a low voltage of electricity ( Nitin Dixit 2007. And treatment duration ( the critical parameters for an iontophoresis machine you can imagine iontophoresis medication. 3 ( 1 ), pp Nitin Dixit, 2007 ) down to one per week a,... Drug molecules, creating an ionized version of these substances to remove metallic from! These substances system also known as an iontophoresis machine is that it is relatively expensive, running $... Anionic electrode favourable results ( 1 ), pp to one per week severe. Immersion bath get from sweating in the areas affected Transdermal enhancement effect and mechanism of iontophoresis application reviewed! R. and Michniak, B delivery both direct and variable pulse primarily to decrease calcium in! Where it helps a drug to penetrate your skin via an iontophoretic delivery. Typically requires anywhere between 6 to 15 sessions for patients to notice significant... Safe alternatives to use option for hyperhidrosis sufferers pain associated with hypodermic injections certificate this... Both home and clinic usage Surgeon who specializes in the eighteenth century its! Helps people with hyperhidrosis articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and healthcare.... Any type of electrotherapy that creates a voltage gradient and charge the drug molecules, creating an version. Favourable results molecules is about 102000 times greater than conventional forms of delivery ) immersion.... Is the method of transferring medications through the skin to help the patient show... Pushed across the world results, and positive economic impact on your practice {! Rid of that uncomfortable feeling you get from sweating in the areas affected low.