Epub 2013 Jul 18. Modify the ruxolitinib dosage as follows in patients receiving fluconazole doses of 200 mg/day or less. Consider a dose reduction of benzhydrocodone until stable drug effects are achieved. (Minor) CYP3A4 inhibitors such as fluconazole may increase plasma hormone concentrations of ethinyl estradiol. Although there has been debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates, data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing. Otesezonale, a BCRP inhibitor, may increase the effects and risk of toxicities of BCRP substrates. Fluconazole is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, and doxorubicin is a major substrate of CYP3A4. Etonogestrel: (Minor) Coadministration of etonogestrel and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors such as fluconazole may increase the serum concentration of etonogestrel. (Minor) CYP3A4 inhibitors such as fluconazole may increase plasma hormone concentrations of ethinyl estradiol. Plasma elimination half-life is 56 hours in patients with impaired hepatic function, titrate slowly when administering this drug to patients with severe hepatic impairment Label. [, Suzuki Y, Kanada A, Okaya Y, Aisaka K: Effect of JTH-601, a novel alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, on prostate function in dogs. Simvastatin is a sensitive CYP3A substrate and fluconazole is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. 6 mg/kg/dose (Max: 200 mg/dose) IV once daily for 14 days. Avoid the use of fluconazole during pregnancy except in patients with severe or potentially life-threatening fungal infections in whom fluconazole may be used if the potential benefit outweighs the possible risk to the fetus. (Moderate) Fluconazole is an inhibitor of CYP2C9, which is the isoenzyme responsible for the metabolism of ibuprofen. 1983;10(3):215-23. Hydrochlorothiazide may decrease the renal clearance of fluconazole. Ergonovine: (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in ergotamine-related adverse effects and adjust the ergot alkaloid dosage as necessary if concomitant use of fluconazole is required. It is marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Iressa. Although there has been debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates, data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing for neonates. Clozapine: (Contraindicated) Due to the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes (TdP), coadministration of fluconazole with drugs that both prolong the QT interval and are CYP3A4 substrates, like clozapine, is contraindicated. Vincristine Liposomal: (Minor) Concomitant use of vincristine and fluconazole may increase the risk for vincristine-related adverse effects such as neurotoxicity. Highly bound to proteins Label with 97% binding to albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein 11. 12 mg/kg/dose (Max: 600 mg/dose) PO on day 1, followed by 6 to 12 mg/kg/dose (Max: 600 mg/dose) PO once daily; treatment duration is dependent on site/severity of infection and clinical response. Hydrochlorothiazide may decrease the renal clearance of fluconazole. Guidelines recommend secondary prophylaxis for patients with severe disseminated or CNS infection after completing at least 12 months of therapy and relapse despite appropriate initial therapy.[34362]. Fentanyl is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like fluconazole can increase fentanyl exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of fentanyl. 2010 Mar;38(3):448-58. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.029694. Although there has been debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates, data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing for neonates. Although there has been debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates, data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing for neonates. Additionally, concomitant use can increase the plasma concentration of buprenorphine, resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects, particularly when fluconazole is added after a stable buprenorphine dose is achieved. Imatinib: (Moderate) Fluconazole may inhibit the metabolism of imatinib, STI-571 via cytochrome P450 3A4. However, in some patients there are decreases up to 47% of ethinyl estradiol concentrations. Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH: Utility of scorpion antivenin vs prazosin in the management of severe Mesobuthus tamulus (Indian red scorpion) envenoming at rural setting. If fluconazole is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will decrease resulting in reduced efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed physical dependence to hydrocodone. Doxorubicin Liposomal: (Major) Avoid coadministration of fluconazole with doxorubicin due to increased systemic exposure of doxorubicin resulting in increased treatment-related adverse reactions. Although there has been debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates, data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing for neonates. Drugs with a possible risk for QT prolongation and TdP that should be used cautiously and with close monitoring with fluconazole include the halogenated anesthetics Halogenated anesthetics can prolong the QT interval and have been associated with QT prolongation and rare cases of torsades de pointes (TdP). Fluconazole has been associated with QT prolongation and rare cases of torsade de pointes (TdP). Others have recommended a range of 6 to 12 mg/kg/dose PO every 24 to 72 hours. Among 12 healthy males, the mean systemic exposure of S-(+)-ibuprofen after a single dose of 400 mg of racemic ibuprofen was 67.4 +/- 16.2 mcg x hour/mL. [, Ozawa Y, Hayashi K, Kobori H: New Generation Calcium Channel Blockers in Hypertensive Treatment. Although there has been debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates, data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing. The serum concentration of Loperamide can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. 6 to 12 mg/kg/dose IV once daily for 14 to 21 days. (Moderate) Caution is warranted when elvitegravir is administered with fluconazole as there is a potential for elevated elvitegravir concentrations. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. [, Lenz JC, Rockstroh JK: S/GSK1349572, a new integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV: promises and challenges. Although specific interactions have not been studied, moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors would likely increase tadalafil exposure. Concomitant use of torsemide and fluconazole can decrease torsemide clearance and increase torsemide plasma concentrations. Pitolisant: (Major) Avoid coadministration of pitolisant with fluconazole as concurrent use may increase the risk of QT prolongation. Although there has been debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates, data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing for neonates. 12 mg/kg/day (Max: 600 mg/day) PO/IV is FDA-approved; however, up to 1,200 mg/day PO/IV has been used off-label. Interactions with potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as fluconazole are possible. Meperidine; Promethazine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of promethazine and fluconazole may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Anesthesiology. Dutasteride: (Moderate) Dutasteride is metabolized by the CYP3A4/5 hepatic enzyme. The Cmax and AUC of terbinafine is increased by 52% and 69%, respectively, when administered with a single 100 mg dose of fluconazole. Lonafarnib is a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate and a CYP2C9 substrate; fluconazole is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor and moderate CYP2C9 inhibitor. Concentration-dependent QTc prolongation occurred during clinical trials of osimertinib. Docetaxel: (Minor) Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A enzymes. Coadministration of fluconazole 100 mg PO and hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg PO for 10 days in normal volunteers (n = 13) resulted in a significant increase in fluconazole AUC and Cmax compared to fluconazole given alone. If coadministration is necessary, consider reducing the dose of alprazolam as clinically appropriate and monitor for an increase in alprazolam-related adverse reactions. [, Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. TCAs share pharmacologic properties similar to the Class IA antiarrhythmic agents and may prolong the QT interval, particularly in overdose or with higher-dose prescription therapy (elevated serum concentrations). In general, doses exceeding 600 mg are not recommended. 800 mg IV once, then 400 mg IV once daily. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like fluconazole can increase hydrocodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. Modafinil: (Moderate) Modafinil is significantly metabolized by the CYP3A4 hepatic microsomal enzyme system. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. [61514], 6 to 12 mg/kg/dose (Max: 400 or 800 mg/dose) PO once daily. 2001 Aug;74(2):87-94. Bosentan: (Major) Coadministration of fluconazole with bosentan is not recommended due to the potential for large increases in bosentan exposure. If flucytosine is not tolerated, fluconazole may be given as initial therapy plus amphotericin B. [, Hiraoka Y, Taniguchi T, Tanaka T, Okada K, Kanamaru H, Muramatsu I: Pharmacological characterization of unique prazosin-binding sites in human kidney. Bismuth Subsalicylate; Metronidazole; Tetracycline: (Moderate) Concomitant use of metronidazole and fluconazole may increase the risk of QT/QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP) in some patients. Lopinavir is associated with QT prolongation. Treat suppurative thrombophlebitis for at least 2 weeks after candidemia (if present) has cleared. Treat for 6 to 12 months for osteomyelitis or 6 weeks for infectious arthritis. [, Wang L, Zhang D, Raghavan N, Yao M, Ma L, Frost CE, Maxwell BD, Chen SY, He K, Goosen TC, Humphreys WG, Grossman SJ: In vitro assessment of metabolic drug-drug interaction potential of apixaban through cytochrome P450 phenotyping, inhibition, and induction studies. Fluconazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 inhibitor; bosentan is metabolized by both CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. Celecoxib; Tramadol: (Moderate) The dose of celecoxib may need to be reduced in patients receiving fluconazole. Entrectinib: (Major) Avoid coadministration of entrectinib with fluconazole due to additive risk of QT prolongation and increased entrectinib exposure resulting in increased treatment-related adverse effects. Hydrochlorothiazide may decrease the renal clearance of fluconazole. Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of codeine with fluconazole may increase codeine plasma concentrations, resulting in greater metabolism by CYP2D6, increased morphine concentrations, and prolonged opioid adverse reactions, including hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Amlodipine has a strong affinity for cell membranes, modulating calcium influx by inhibiting selected membrane calcium channels. Prazosin is an alpha-blocker that causes a decrease in total peripheral resistance and is used to treat hypertension. Increased S-(+)-ibuprofen concentrations leads to increased inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2, and impaired ibuprofen metabolism due to mutations in the CYP2C9 gene increases the risk of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. [, Ciardiello F, Caputo R, Bianco R, Damiano V, Pomatico G, De Placido S, Bianco AR, Tortora G: Antitumor effect and potentiation of cytotoxic drugs activity in human cancer cells by ZD-1839 (Iressa), an epidermal growth factor receptor-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. [53038] The FDA and European product labeling suggest a dosing interval of every 72 hours during the first 2 weeks of life; however, recommendations are based on early and very limited pharmacokinetic data in premature neonates (n = 12; 26 to 29 weeks gestation). Eur J Pharmacol. Avoid concomitant use if possible, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. In specific cases where blood pressure control was emergent during pregnancy, prazosin has been used and no effects on the fetus or neonate were reported Label. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. J Pharm Pharmacol. from the respiratory tract typically reflects colonization and rarely requires antifungal therapy. Coadministration may decrease plasma concentrations of these active metabolites, decreasing the effectiveness of ifosfamide treatment. However, concurrent fluconazole and nateglinide use did not significantly affect blood glucose concentrations despite an increase in the nateglinide AUC by 48% and an increase in the nateglinide half-life from 1.6 to 1.9 hours. Bupivacaine; Lidocaine: (Moderate) Concomitant use of systemic lidocaine and fluconazole may increase lidocaine plasma concentrations by decreasing lidocaine clearance and therefore prolonging the elimination half-life. When combined, dose 1 tezacaftor; ivacaftor combination tablet every other day in the morning and 1 ivacaftor tablet every other day in the morning on alternate days (i.e., tezacaftor/ivacaftor tablet on Day 1 and ivacaftor tablet on Day 2). Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc. Bodi I, Mikala G, Koch SE, Akhter SA, Schwartz A: The L-type calcium channel in the heart: the beat goes on. The antiviral response was maintained for 3 to 4 days after the last dose.3 The sustained response obtained in clinical trials indicates that dolutegravir has a tight binding and longer dissociative half-life providing it a high barrier to resistance.15 The combination therapy (ripivirine and dolutegravir) presented the same viral suppression found in previous three-drug therapies without integrase strand transfer inhibitor mutations or rilpivirine resistance.18, Dolutegravir is an HIV-1 antiviral agent. Coadministration with other moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors increased alprazolam exposure by 1.6- to 1.98-fold. The amount of safety data at these increased etravirine exposures is limited. [, Sekhar GN, Georgian AR, Sanderson L, Vizcay-Barrena G, Brown RC, Muresan P, Fleck RA, Thomas SA: Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) is involved in pentamidine transport at the human and mouse blood-brain barrier (BBB). Amlodipine: (Moderate) Monitor for symptoms of hypotension and edema if coadministration of amlodipine with fluconazole is necessary; adjust the dose of amlodipine as clinically appropriate. 2011 Apr;20(4):537-48. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2011.562189. The clinical significance of these interactions has not been determined. Fluconazole tablets, administered concomitantly with oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol have resulted in an overall mean increase in ethinyl estradiol compared to placebo. There is some debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates; however, some pharmacokinetic data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing. 2017 Dec 15;9:34-47. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.08.012. Ivacaftor is a CYP3A substrate. Sufentanil is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor like fluconazole can increase sufentanil exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of sufentanil. Fluconazole has been associated with QT prolongation and rare cases of torsade de pointes (TdP). Siponimod: (Major) In general, do not initiate treatment with siponimod in patients receiving fluconazole due to the potential for QT prolongation. Consider taking steps to minimize the risk of QT/QTc interval prolongation and TdP, such as avoidance, electrolyte monitoring and repletion, and ECG monitoring, especially in patients with additional risk factors for TdP. Growth of Candida sp. J Pharm Sci. Budesonide is a CYP3A substrate and fluconazole is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Dolasetron has been associated with a dose-dependent prolongation in the QT, PR, and QRS intervals on an electrocardiogram. Bosutinib: (Major) Avoid concomitant use of bosutinib and fluconazole; bosutinib plasma exposure may be significantly increased resulting in an increased risk of bosutinib adverse events (e.g., myelosuppression, GI toxicity). Ranolazine: (Major) Limit the dose of ranolazine to 500 mg twice daily if administered with fluconazole as increased ranolazine exposure may occur; concurrent use may also increase the risk of QT prolongation. (Moderate) Use caution if coadministration of fluconazole with tamsulosin is necessary, especially at a tamsulosin dose higher than 0.4 mg, as the systemic exposure of tamsulosin may be increased resulting in increased treatment-related adverse reactions including hypotension, dizziness, and vertigo. Additionally, fluconazole has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval as well as rare cases of TdP. Coadministration is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic impairment because colchicine accumulation may be greater in these populations. Discover Part 6 of the Quality Data series: Similar but not identical switch region compared to CYP2D6*68A. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of codeine until stable drug effects are achieved. Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (calcium ion antagonist or slow-channel blocker) that inhibits the influx of calcium ions into both vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Armodafinil: (Moderate) Armodafinil is partially metabolized by CYP3A4/5 isoenzymes. [, Stoll R, Ruppin H, Domschke W: Calmodulin-mediated effects of loperamide on chloride transport by brush border membrane vesicles from human ileum. Tipranavir: (Moderate) Tipranavir concentrations are increased when coadministered with fluconazole; however, no dose adjustments are required if fluconazole dose is less than 200 mg PO daily. In churches mandating a sponsor, only one godparent is required; two (in most churches, of different sex) are permitted. [60487] A loading dose of 25 mg/kg PO is recommended on day 1 to achieve therapeutic concentrations faster. Candiduria may be the only microbiological documentation of disseminated candidiasis in neutropenic patients; therefore, candiduria should be treated as disseminated candidiasis in these patients. [, Swaisland HC, Cantarini MV, Fuhr R, Holt A: Exploring the relationship between expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and gefitinib pharmacokinetics. However, coadministration with another moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in healthy volunteers did not significantly change amlodipine exposure. Chlorpropamide: (Moderate) Fluconazole should be used cautiously with oral sulfonylureas because blood glucose response may be altered in diabetic patients. 12 mg/kg/dose PO once daily for several days before and after the urologic procedure as an alternative therapy to conventional amphotericin B in patients who have not been receiving fluconazole prophylaxis. If concurrent use is necessary, consider dosage reduction of buprenorphine until stable drug effects are achieved. Although there has been debate about the optimal dosing frequency in neonates, data and guidelines support every 24-hour dosing. Doxepin is a psychotropic agent with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. If a rash is observed on a patient being treated for a superficial fungal infection, and the rash is attributed to fluconazole, immediately discontinue use of the drug. Oxycodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with a moderate inhibitor like fluconazole can increase oxycodone exposure resulting in increased or prolonged opioid effects including fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of oxycodone. In addition, some experts recommend a loading dose of approximately twice the prescribed daily dose be used to achieve therapeutic concentrations faster (e.g., 25 mg/kg loading dose on day 1, then 12 mg/kg/day). Simvastatin; Sitagliptin: (Moderate) Monitor for an increase in simvastatin-related adverse reactions, including myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, if coadministration with fluconazole is necessary. The available data indicate that the decreases in some individual ethinyl estradiol AUC values with fluconazole treatment are likely due to random variation. [61514], 400 mg IV once daily. Fluconazole tablets, administered concomitantly with oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol have resulted in an overall mean increase in ethinyl estradiol compared to placebo. In general, doses exceeding 600 mg are not recommended. If coadministration is necessary, monitor patients closely at frequent intervals and consider a dosage reduction of codeine until stable drug effects are achieved. A mean increase of 88% in phenytoin serum AUC has been seen in some healthy volunteers taking both fluconazole and phenytoin. Be alert for lack of efficacy of fluconazole in concurrent use. Voclosporin exposure and the risk for voclosporin-related adverse effects may also be increased. (Moderate) Fluconazole has been shown to inhibit the clearance of caffeine by 25 percent. Additionally, fluconazole is an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and clarithromycin is a known inhibitor and substrate of CYP3A4. Coadministration with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in elderly hypertensive patients increased systemic exposure to amlodipine by 60%. [60495] [60789] Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study found an association between maternal exposure to low-dose fluconazole in the first trimester and both cleft lip with cleft palate and d-transposition of the great arteries. Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets. Fluconazole has been associated with QT prolongation and clarithromycin has been specifically established to have a causal association with QT prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP). Flurazepam: (Moderate) Fluconazole could theoretically inhibit CYP3A4 metabolism of oxidized benzodiazepines, such as flurazepam. If fluconazole is discontinued, monitor the patient carefully and consider increasing the opioid dosage if appropriate. The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Prazosin is combined with Acetylcholine. After the administration of therapeutic doses of amlodipine to patients diagnosed with hypertension, amlodipine causes vasodilation, which results in a reduction of supine and standing blood pressure. Solifenacin: (Contraindicated) Fluconazole has been associated with QT prolongation and rare cases of torsades de pointes (TdP). Fluconazole is associated with QT prolongation. [, Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. 400 to 1,200 mg PO once daily. Irbesartan; Hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ: (Moderate) Monitor for fluconazole-related adverse events during concomitant hydrochlorothiazide use. Fluconazole is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, an isoenzyme responsible for the metabolism of quetiapine. Fluconazole is a CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitor, while elvitegravir is a substrate of CYP3A4. Zidovudine, ZDV: (Minor) During concomitant administration with fluconazole, the clearance of zidovudine may be reduced. Epub 2011 Aug 31. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. Although therapy with dasabuvir; ombitasvir; paritaprevir; ritonavir did not prolong the QTc interval to a clinical relevant extent in healthy subjects, ritonavir has been associated with concentration-dependent QT prolongation in other trials. Desipramine may be affected by this potential interaction, but specific data are lacking. Drospirenone; Ethinyl Estradiol; Levomefolate: (Minor) CYP3A4 inhibitors such as fluconazole may increase plasma hormone concentrations of ethinyl estradiol. The acute toxicity of gefitinib up to 500 mg in clinical studies has been low. Ponesimod initiation may result in a transient decrease in heart rate and atrioventricular conduction delays. TCAs share pharmacologic properties similar to the Class IA antiarrhythmic agents and may prolong the QT interval, particularly in overdose or with higher-dose prescription therapy (elevated serum concentrations). The potential for a more significant interaction between fluconazole and clarithromycin might exist at higher dosages of either drug; caution is advised in such circumstances but should not normally alter therapy. Coadministration with fluconazole is predicted to increase selpercatinib exposure by 60% to 99%. However, in some patients there are decreases up to 47% of ethinyl estradiol concentrations. Fluconazole is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor that has been associated with QT prolongation. Additionally, fluconazole has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval; do not use with other drugs that may prolong the QT interval and are metabolized through CYP3A4, such as telithromycin. 2009 Jul 15;69(14):5885-92. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0700. When 50 mg once daily is given to pediatric patients (12 to < 18 years and weighing 40 kg) the Cmax, AUC, and C24 is 3.49 mcg/mL, 46 mcg.h/mL, and 0.90 mcg/mL respectively.1, The administration of a dose of 50 mg of dolutegravir presents an apparent volume of distribution of 17.4 L. The median dolutegravir concentration in CSF was 18 ng/mL after 2 weeks of treatment.1, Dolutegravir is highly protein bound to human plasma proteins reaching a percentage 98.9% of the administered dose.1, Dolutegravir is highly metabolized through three main pathways and it forms no long-lived metabolites. Gefitinib inhibits the intracellular phosphorylation of numerous tyrosine kinases associated with transmembrane cell surface receptors, including the tyrosine kinases associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR-TK). Manufacturers of aripiprazole injections recommend adjustments when a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor will be used for more than 14 days. Fluconazole is widely distributed into body tissues and fluids; the apparent volume of distribution approximates that of total body water. Consider the risk vs. benefit of use of fluconazole versus alternative agents for the patients condition, particularly for vaginal yeast infection. Ibutilide: (Major) Use caution during concurrent use of ibutilide and fluconazole. Mitapivat is a CYP3A substrate and fluconazole is a moderate CYP3A inhibitor. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. It is recommended to avoid this combination when hydrocodone is being used for cough. In a study evaluating the long-term outcomes (8 to 10 life years) of fluconazole prophylaxis (n = 38), no differences in neurodevelopment or quality of life were noted between fluconazole-treated patients and placebo-treated patients.
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